Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rw8gAGYZ6qs. Electricians install, maintain, and repair electrical power, communications, lighting, and control systems. You also want to n sure that you and your insurance agent are on the same page. Be sure to take the time to do some research and chat with different insurance providers. Independent contractors (ICs) can charge for their services in a variety of ways, such as a fixed amount for an entire project, an hourly fee, or a sales commission. JavaScript is disabled. Find your market worth with a report tailored to you, New research shows how to set pay for remote employees. For example, experienced electricians may work with building engineers and architects to help design electrical systems for new construction. This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of electricians. That's higher than the average salary for all jobs, at $56,310. According to the BLS, electricians earned an average salary of $61,550 in 2020. Determine your annual salary. If they have arrived for a small repair job, ask them to email you the quote in writing before commencing so you have the figure on record. You can also find bundles and other business insurance packages to keep your monthly costs down. Commercial property insurance policies will cover your equipment, as well as any property you have for your business, like vehicles and tools. Being an electrician is a highly skilled profession. The standard rate tax is set at 20%, but UK consumers do not pay VAT on food, children's clothing, books, magazines or charity shop items. This guide will cover how much electricians make and how to get started, including: Self-employed electricians need to find clients for their practice, but they could earn more than electricians employed by companies. Whether you're a freelancer, small business owner, or independent contractor, it's important to have health insurance. Finally, you need to determine how many hours you'll work and get paid for during the year. In some places such as London this can go up . Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for electricians. Electricians typically earn between 18,000 and 42,000 annually. The Work Environment tab includes the number of jobs held in the occupation and describes the workplace, the level of physical activity expected, and typical hours worked. Before sharing sensitive information, Most electricians travel with their own ladders so dont worry if you dont have a loft ladder but perhaps mention that, so they arrive prepared. Why You Should Start Your Own Electrical Business. The price of electricians' insurance can vary greatly. A high school diploma or equivalent is required to become an electrician. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Electricians may be exposed to dirt, dust, debris, or fumes. Our data indicates that the highest pay for an Electrician is $NaN / hour, Our data indicates that the lowest pay for an Electrician is $NaN / hour. Solar photovoltaic (PV) installers assemble, set up, and maintain rooftop or other systems that convert sunlight into energy. When you evaluate your risks, some things to keep in mind are: Many providers and insurance agencies will create bundles branded as Electrical Contractor Insurance. Streamlined solutions for every step of the compensation management journey, Continuously updated compensation datasets from Payscale and our partners, Flexible, customizable services and support for Payscale customers, End comp guesswork with our free job-pricing tool, From collection to validation, our data methodology delivers certainty, Meet the leaders dedicated to empowering better conversations around pay, Track and compare wage-growth by city, industry, company size, and job category, Access helpful tools and insights for career planning and salary negotiation, Explore real-world career trends and advice from the leaders in compensation, Uncover detailed salary data for specific jobs, employers, schools, and more, Take our salary survey to see what you should be earning. This can be what you earned for doing similar work when you were an employee, what other employees earn for similar work, or how much you'd like to earn (as long as your goal is reasonable). Most states require electricians to pass a test and be licensed. may allow this role to increase their income potential and qualify for promotions. Ask the electrician how many years theyve been in the business and ask what their qualifications are. Makeup artistry is a great way to empower clients through your creativity. Please reference the Terms of Use and the Supplemental Terms for specific information related to your state. After a bit of chatter on here a few months ago I went from 30 to 40. For each year of the program, apprentices typically receive 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training as well as some technical instruction. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. To reduce these risks, workers must wear protective clothing and safety glasses. Get the latest market price for benchmark jobs and jobs in your industry. Its better to overestimate a little bit for those worst-case scenarios. The median annual wage for electricians was $60,040 in May 2021. The median annual wage for electricians was $60,040 in May 2021. The attorney listings on this site are paid attorney advertising. You should always check whether your electrician also adds on a call out charge or has a minimum charge when budgeting for the job. Electrical contractors typically charge by the hour, and the average hourly rate for an electrician ranges $75-$95 an hour. Many technical schools offer programs related to circuitry, safety practices, and basic electrical information. Electricians must take precautions to avoid getting hurt. He adds his salary and overhead together: $100,000 + $20,000 = $120,000. If you enjoy balancing books and organising business finances, becoming a freelance bookkeeper, Do you enjoy working with your hands and like the idea of being, With the advancement of technology, recording music at a professional level from home. Brice paid the following expenses this year. Recently searched related titles: The tests have questions related to the National Electrical Code and state and local electrical codes, all of which set standards for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment. The average growth rate for all occupations is5 percent. Electricians will continue to be needed to link these alternative systems to homes and power grids over the projections decade. Domestic gas and electricity bills, energy-saving devices and children's safety car seats . Marion, IL. The wage at which half of the workers in the occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. An electricians main role is to install and maintain electrical wiring and appliances so having a trustworthy qualified and affordable electrician is vital when it comes to emergency electrical work (a fuse box blown) or even for non-emergency work that will improve your home, either to make your rooms more practical with extra plug sockets or more trendy with the latest downlights. He then multiplies this total by his 10% profit margin and adds this amount to his salary and overhead: 10% of $120,000 = $12,000; $120,000 + $12,000 = $132,000. As a self-employed electrician, the average costs of insurance fall between $50 to $500 a month. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Legal Forms for Starting & Running a Small Business, Use Written Service Contracts for Your Clients, See All Business Formation Products from Nolo, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The average Self-Employed Electrician salary in the United States is $52,168 as of January 26, 2023, but the salary range typically falls between $45,481 and $60,554. Recently searched related titles: On the jobsite, they occasionally work in cramped spaces. You also need insurance for electricians. People will always need electricians to fix and install business and household appliances. However, employment growth stemming from these alternative sources may depend on government provisionssuch as credits, net metering, and tax incentivesthat spur consumer demand by lowering installation costs. Tuesday, January 24, 2023. Customer-service skills. Kornelia has made quite a name for herself by sharing what life is like on-site. Ask if your Electrician is vat registered so you aware if you need to still factor in extra on top of the quoted price. The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site. Electricians are needed to install and replace these power systems. How much does a Self-Employed Electrician make hourly in the United States? The average hourly wage for a Self-Employed Electrician in the United States is $25 as of January 26, 2023, but the salary range typically falls between $22 and $29. Percent change in employment, projected 2021-31, Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program. This includes covering any potential damage or injury that comes with the job and that may cause costly business interruptions. Hi Everyone, You can help people and companies maintain their electrical appliances, so you want to present yourself as the easiest and best option in your area. You may also find more specialized policies like electrician liability insurance that will cover many of your general liability needs. Overhead includes all of the costs you incur to do business -- for example: Overhead also includes the cost of your fringe benefits, such as medical insurance, disability insurance, and retirement benefits, as well as your income taxes and self-employment taxes. Also, the service call fee ranges from $75 to $125. Ask if fitting a smoke detector or replacing a light dimmer switch would require any loft access and make sure that you have a clear path of access in the loft. Business Finance One limitation, on the deduction for self-employed insurance, is that taxpayers cannot deduct the premium cost that exceeds net earnings from self-employment. Community Builder, Corporate Liaison, Junior Video Producer, SERVPRO of Carbondale/Marion - Job Openings for This Role, Based on HR-reported data: a national average with a geographic, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries by Percentile, SERVPRO of Carbondale/Marion - Marion Since electrician tools are expensive, they may get stolen as well. When choosing an Electrician try to get 3 comparison quotes so you have a feel for the value of service and what is being offered at what price. For more information about apprenticeship and training programs for electricians, visit. While you are a highly skilled worker, you want to make sure that you protect yourself and your business. If you work alone vs. owning an electrician business with ten workers, youll want flexible insurance policies that fit your needs and budgets. They belong here: r/AskElectricians r/askanelectrician r/diy r/homeowners r/electrical. Learn more about: Compensation Packages, Employee Flight Risk, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with a High School Diploma or Technical Certificate, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with an Associate's Degree, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with a Bachelor's Degree, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with a Master's Degree or MBA, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with a JD, MD, PhD or Equivalent, 10th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, 25th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, 50th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, 75th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, 90th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, Detailed skills and competency reports for specific positions. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. The money is good. Additional training needed (postemployment) to attain competency in the skills needed in this occupation. You never know when an accident will happen when you have an electrical business general liability coverage will help you cover those costs if they ever happen. There are many different insurance quotes out there, and you want to make sure you do your research to get the best deal for your business. Start by dividing your target salary by the number of days a year you want to work, minus holidays. The cost to start an electrical business isn't awful; the average cost to start is $20,000. That time includes some classroom instruction and a good deal of actual fieldwork. Electricians may be required to work at great heights, such as when working on construction sites, inside buildings, or on renewable energy projects. When youre looking for insurance, you should also be on the lookout for benefits for yourself. The average hourly rate for an electrician in the UK is 37 per hour. You can quickly calculate this equates to an excellent salary, and the earning potential of skilled and highly sought-after electricians is extremely high. Physical strength. The self-employment tax rate for 2022-2023. Analyze the market and your qualifications to negotiate your salary with confidence. Hourly Vs Price is always an interesting debate I feel hourly works best for me as most jobs are 1/2 day unless its a board change then I allow 1 full day (8 hours) , Some jobs might be 2 or 3 days but then I lean more towards a 'Price' However, depending on market conditions, Sam might be able to charge more -- or he might have to accept less. Compensation data tools, salary structures, surveys and benchmarks. Overtime is common. Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with a High School Diploma or Technical Certificate, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with an Associate's Degree, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with a Bachelor's Degree, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with a Master's Degree or MBA, Self-Employed Electrician Salaries with a JD, MD, PhD or Equivalent, 10th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, 25th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, 50th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, 75th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, 90th Percentile Self-Employed Electrician Salary, Detailed skills and competency reports for specific positions. Many electricians work alone, but sometimes they collaborate with others. Youll also need transportation. Some electricians may also consult with other construction specialists, such as elevator installers and heating and air conditioning workers, to help install or maintain electrical or power systems. If you dont have a designated location for your business, then you will want to invest in an insurance policy for your tools and equipment. With features like automatic expense categorisation, invoicing on the go, receipt capture tools, tax estimates, and cash flow insights, you can confidently keep on top of your business finances wherever you are. make sure you're on a federal government site. information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. However, if you're highly skilled and performing work of unusually high quality, don't be afraid to ask for more than other ICs with lesser skills charge. As a freelancer or independent contractor, you must protect yourself and your business. As noted, the self-employment tax rate is 15.3% of net earnings. Working as an electrician isnt easy and running your own business isnt always cheap especially if you have employees and buy your equipment. Change of employer: These charts show the average base salary (core compensation), as well as the average total cash compensation for the job of Self-Employed Electrician in the United States. Self-employed electricians often work in residential construction and may be able to set their own schedule. A shift towards, Handling involuntary termination is a likely occurrence for human resources managers and, Return better results with Payscale job search, Compare real living costs across different states, Consider potential directions your career can take, Calculate the 20-year net ROI for US-based colleges, Are you the kind of person who struggles to get a handle, Learn where the best career earners attended college, The average hourly pay for an Electrician is $24.72. Maintain, troubleshoot and repair all power generation and distribution equipment. If you want to take a two-week vacation each year, you'll have a maximum of 2,000 billable hours per year (50 weeks x 40 hours). Certain items for jobs like installing a British General fuse board, switching a Schneider circuit breaker, rewiring and replacing old wires using a Wago lever connector even replacing a sensor light switch are products the electrician will often source or have onboard in their van. Insurance policies exist to help you cover any accidents or issues that may happen on the job and protect your business. It is far more important choosing a skilled electrician than most trades as faulty wiring could burn your house down and puts your life at risk, so dont take choosing an electrician lightly. Finally, he divides the total by his annual billable hours to arrive at his hourly rate: $132,000 1,500 = $88. If its an emergency and you require an urgent call out because the mains have tripped or a loss of power make a mental note to tell the electrician what power sources you were using at the time did the lights trip as you plugged in an appliance?If you are looking to run electrics out to your shed or install a security light in your back garden, make sure there is plenty of access to the garden from the house for the electrician to come into your home and carry his tools through. Those are all the things you need to pay for to be self-employed like: Marketing Computer Website and hosting Travel Taxes Sub-contractors Office supplies Professional memberships Training courses Accounting and bookkeeping fees Legal advice Bank charges Let's say that comes to 15,000 per year. The cheapest option is to get the bare minimum general liability insurance. Anyway, got chatting and he told me he was a self Hi All, Electrical and electronics installers and repairers install or repair a variety of electrical equipment. These platforms are great places for clients to find you in your area. To work as self-employed, you may need to first register as a sole trader or limited company. How Much Does Insurance for Electricians Cost? It may not display this or other websites correctly. If you're in this boat, try using a two-step approach to determine your hourly rate: Business schools teach a standard formula for determining an hourly rate: Add up your labor and overhead costs, add the profit you want to earn, then divide the total by your hours worked. CA License No. Workers who gained electrical experience in the military or in the construction industry may qualify for a shortened apprenticeship based on their experience and testing. Employment of electricians is projected to grow 7 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations. These can be good options, but check that they have everything you need. Some of the main factors affecting cost are: . To work as an electrician, youll need the tools to fix and install appliances. However, you'll probably spend at least 25% to 35% of your time on tasks that you can't bill to clients, such as bookkeeping and billing, drumming up business, and upgrading your skills. How much does a Self-Employed Electrician make in the United States? Electricians often work for households and businesses. Once you've got your target salary, you can use it to calculate your electrician's labour rate. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $46,149 to $61,671 with the average total cash compensation of $53,089. During scheduled maintenance or on construction sites, electricians should expect to work overtime. Be sure to only pay for what you need plus a little buffer for those what if moments. Price ranges may also vary according to whether the handyman is self-employed or employed by a corporation. Individualize employee pay based on unique job requirements and personal qualifications. The What They Do tab describes the typical duties and responsibilities of workers in the occupation, including what tools and equipment they use and how closely they are supervised. Although most workers enter apprenticeships directly, some electricians enter apprenticeship programs after working as a helper. For most profiles, this tab has a table with wages in the major industries employing the occupation. If it leaves a client without power Hi everyone, The projected percent change in employment from 2021 to 2031. 1) In part 2 of the AMD2 What is your hourly rate as a self employed electrician? You're also entitled to earn a profit over and above your salary and overhead expenses. High School Diploma or Technical Certificate. After completing an apprenticeship program, electricians are considered to be journey workers and may perform duties on their own, subject to local or state licensing requirements. Also if you do have a problem you are already talking to the electrician who did the job and will probably be able to help you quickly. See user submitted job responsibilities for Self-Employed Electrician. He then multiplies this total by his 10% profit margin and adds this amount to his salary and overhead: 10% of $120,000 = $12,000; $120,000 + $12,000 = $132,000. The Similar Occupations tab describes occupations that share similar duties, skills, interests, education, or training with the occupation covered in the profile. I'm not vat registered. He wants to earn a 10% profit and estimates that he'll work about 1,500 billable hours each year. Within every occupation, earnings vary by experience, responsibility, performance, tenure, and geographic area. Electricians insurance can help with many situations which may happen on the job. Other commonly used tools include screwdrivers, wire strippers, drills, and saws. Penalty on early withdrawal of funds from a certificate of deposit a.) Maintaining equipment and systems involves identifying problems and repairing broken equipment that is sometimes difficult to reach. You can ask for an estimate for the job over the phone based on their hourly rate or get them to email you a full quote so you know exactly how much you will pay. Any office space you may have for your business, The different vehicles you may need to get from job to job, Potential property damage that may happen on a project. Working with electricityis dangerous. For example, you can get a level 3 degree in Electrotechnical Services or Electrical Installation. How much does a Self-Employed Electrician make hourly in the United States? The base salary for Self-Employed Electrician ranges from $45,481 to $60,554 with the average base salary of $52,168. And sometimes, these policies may have too many add ons. This is why you should look into some of the great benefits packages offered by Selfgood. For self-employed electrician make hourly in the United States $ 45,481 to $ 60,554 with job... For all occupations is5 percent calculate this equates to an excellent salary, and the potential. For yourself start is $ 20,000 Terms for specific information related to your.., apprentices typically receive 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training as well as some technical instruction may not display or! Years theyve been in the business and household appliances potential of skilled and highly sought-after electricians is projected grow... $ 95 an hour sharing what life is like on-site same page a self-employed electrician ranges from $ to... Within every occupation, earnings vary by experience, responsibility, performance tenure! Workers, youll need the tools to fix and install business and ask what their qualifications are have! Are great places for clients to find you in your industry overhead together $! Well as some technical instruction to those of electricians is projected to grow 7 percent 2021... Through your creativity and half earned less jobsite, they occasionally work in residential construction and be. Price of electricians r/AskElectricians r/askanelectrician r/diy r/homeowners r/electrical of your general liability needs does a electrician. With ten workers, youll need the tools to fix and install business and ask their. Https: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=Rw8gAGYZ6qs that & # x27 ; s higher than the average to. Electrical business isn & # x27 ; s safety car seats video transcript available at https: //www.youtube.com/watch?.! Not display this or other websites correctly install, maintain, and geographic area per hour property have...: on the same page service call fee ranges from $ 75 to $ 60,554 the!, they occasionally work in cramped spaces he adds his salary and overhead together $. Into some of the great benefits packages offered by Selfgood for self-employed electrician make hourly in the United States devices! Electrician in the United States a little buffer for those worst-case scenarios 20,000 = $ 88 on early withdrawal funds... Websites correctly ; the average hourly rate for an electrician isnt easy running. Vat registered so you aware if you need insurance providers power systems may have too many add ons you a. Job requirements and personal qualifications into some of the workers in the major industries employing the earned! Table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of electricians #. Difficult to reach places for clients to find you in your browser before proceeding also vary to! The United States sure to take the time to do some research and with! Display this or other systems that convert sunlight into energy insurance fall $!, small business owner, or fumes 20,000 = $ 120,000 dirt,,... Workers in the United States 1,500 = $ 120,000 level 3 degree how much should a self employed electrician charge. 'Ll work about 1,500 billable hours each year worker, you want to make sure that protect! Drills, and repair electrical power, communications, lighting, and repair electrical power,,... For during the year insurance providers places for clients to find you in area... Great places for clients to find you in your industry offered by.. Of skilled and highly sought-after electricians is extremely high find you in your.... Few months ago I went from 30 to 40 benchmark jobs and jobs your! Year of the great benefits packages offered by Selfgood potential and qualify for promotions in Electrotechnical Services or electrical.. Want to make sure you 're a freelancer or independent contractor, it 's important to have insurance! The attorney listings on this site are paid attorney advertising jobs, at $ 56,310 you. 100,000 + how much should a self employed electrician charge 20,000 = $ 120,000 is like on-site charge when budgeting for the job protect... Wear protective clothing and safety glasses places such as London this can go up risks, must. Extremely high and personal qualifications titles: on the job and that may happen on the same.... Finally, you can get a level 3 degree in Electrotechnical Services or electrical Installation divides total... Energy-Saving devices and children & # x27 ; insurance can help with many situations which may on... Alternative systems to homes and power grids over the projections decade during the year is 37 per.. These platforms are great places for clients to find you in your browser before proceeding an... 60,040 in may 2021 adds on a call out charge or has a table with wages the. These alternative systems to homes and power grids over the projections decade take the time to some... Systems involves identifying problems and repairing broken equipment that is sometimes difficult to reach especially! Systems involves identifying problems and repairing broken equipment that is sometimes difficult to reach and budgets 50 to $ with... Transcript available at https: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=Rw8gAGYZ6qs year of the great benefits packages offered Selfgood! To first register as a helper too many add ons training programs electricians! Better to overestimate a little bit for those what if moments great packages... And chat with different insurance providers so you aware if you need with in. The number of days a year you want to n sure that you and your business spaces. His hourly rate: $ 132,000 1,500 = $ 120,000 assemble, set,... Income potential and qualify for promotions qualifications to negotiate your salary and overhead:... Price ranges may also find more specialized policies like electrician liability insurance and ask what their are. Electrical business isn & # x27 ; t awful ; the average costs insurance!: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=Rw8gAGYZ6qs you protect yourself and your qualifications to negotiate your salary overhead... Insurance fall between $ 50 to $ 125 a sole trader or company! Need the tools to fix and install business and ask what their qualifications are training well... Their qualifications are insurance can vary greatly needed in this occupation is self-employed or employed a! In Electrotechnical Services or electrical Installation the jobsite, they occasionally work in residential construction and may be exposed dirt! Of the program, apprentices typically receive 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training as well as some technical.! Safety glasses year you want to n sure that you protect yourself and your qualifications to negotiate salary... An hour workers in the skills needed in this occupation to keep your monthly costs down number of days year... Great way to empower clients through your creativity to only pay for remote employees tax rate 15.3. Make in the occupation typically charge by the hour, and geographic area highly sought-after electricians is to... For clients to find you in your industry expect to work as an electrician business ten! A better experience, responsibility, performance, tenure, and the earning of. Job requirements and personal qualifications few months ago I went from 30 to 40 vary by experience, enable! More specialized policies like electrician liability insurance profiles, this tab has a minimum charge budgeting... Use and the earning potential of skilled and highly sought-after electricians how much should a self employed electrician charge projected to grow 7 percent from 2021 2031... Costs down percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average costs insurance. The wage at which half of the program, apprentices typically receive 2,000 hours paid! Wear protective clothing and safety glasses are similar how much should a self employed electrician charge those of electricians & # x27 ; awful! Before proceeding go up the occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less ask if electrician..., but check that they have everything you need to still factor in extra on top of the main affecting! A test and be licensed average salary for all jobs, at $ 56,310 Use and the average hourly for! That & # x27 ; s higher than the average cost to start an electrical business isn #... In employment from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average of., the projected percent change in employment from 2021 to 2031 how to set pay remote. Research shows how to set pay for remote employees of days a year you to. Practices, and geographic area: $ 132,000 1,500 = $ 120,000 become an electrician isnt and. With others the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages state. Property insurance policies will cover your equipment how much does a self-employed electrician make hourly in the side. Earned more than that amount and half earned less involves identifying problems and repairing broken equipment that is sometimes to! When youre looking for insurance, you must protect yourself and your insurance agent on... Salary, and basic electrical information excellent salary, and geographic area hours each year of the benefits... What is your hourly rate: $ 132,000 1,500 = $ 88 bare minimum general liability insurance rooftop or websites... It may not display this or other websites how much should a self employed electrician charge help you cover any accidents or issues that happen... But sometimes they collaborate with others a better experience, please enable JavaScript in how much should a self employed electrician charge.... Sunlight into energy to find you in your area on-the-job training as well as any you. Enter apprenticeships directly, some electricians enter apprenticeship programs after working as electrician! Electrotechnical Services or electrical Installation self-employed electricians often work in cramped spaces electrician is registered! To link these alternative systems to homes and power grids over the projections decade they. Any property you have employees and buy your equipment, as well as any property have! The quoted price your industry electricians enter apprenticeship programs after working as an electrician business ten! Own schedule research shows how to set pay for what you need still! Hours of paid on-the-job training as well as some technical instruction many of your liability!

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