Creative Resources Systems; 1987 p. 11521. doi:10.5455/jice.20130809114525. Traditional forest-related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. A nail is driven into the tree where the branch was cut, keeping the soul of the suicide in place and preventing them from making mischief. But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. But it's a staple ingredient in other Asian . The limited accessibility of sacred groves is advantageous for preservation of T. indica in situ since trees therein are not usually cut down. It lies at an altitude of between 1097 and 1219m above sea level [16]. Guidelines and good practices. Havinga RM, Hartl A, Putscher J, Prehsler S, Buchmann C, Vogl CR. Constraints towards planting T. indica included limited land, long maturation period and low monetary value. One cup of raw tamarind pulp contains approximately: ( 15) 287 calories. 2008;204(6):2915. In some other regions of India, it is associated with Lord Vishnu. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . The extremely hard tamarind wood probably accounts for the existence of very old . Being hardy, T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities. 2000. If ghosts really do exist, then theyre waiting for the right moment to pounce on him. Some warn that it is unwise to nap or sleep beneath a tamarind tree; this perhaps developing from the fact that very few plants, grass or even weeds will grow under the tree. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. Tamarindus indica has traditionally served to supplement the communities food needs especially during times of scarcity. [5] and Gombya-Ssembajwe [35] who observe that in Uganda, traditions, customs, beliefs and cultural rights play an important role in ecosystem conservation and biodiversity. Some African tribes hold the tamarind tree to be sacred and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one. California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. (CRFG).Tamarind. The pulp inside them tastes like a fusion of apricots, dates, and lemons. Table4 outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica ownership, production and trade. Similarly, if the plants in your house are not Vaastu compliant, it could adversely affect your life. However at points of sale such as markets, men were involved in processing of tamarind which included removing the shell to expose the fruit pulp, packing several fruits in transparent polythene and displaying for sale. Nikon Forestry 550/Pro) - sine method . Who will go after him? No one had the courage to follow him. Accessed from: www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf. The tree is also grown as an ornamental, and the wood is used in carpentry. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. Tamarind is a huge tree & some regions in India associates it with ghost dwelling trees. Part of Furthermore T. indica is easily accessible to all community members. Where am I?. No! His dream was fulfilled; he now rests forever under the tamarind he brought as a small seedling from the wild. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Participants in focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were required to respond to several questions which covered the following themes: location of T. indica, uses, propagation, planting of T. indica, where T. indica is commonly planted, constraints faced with regard to tamarind production, tamarind ownership, silvicultural practices, conservation practices, tamarind trade, as well as taboos and cultural practices regarding tamarind. Figure1 shows the location of study sites. He swore that if he got out of this alive, he would never again do something so stupid. All authors read and approved the manuscript. This characteristic was reported by 53% of the respondents as the major reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds and homegardens. Planting Tamarind. Omissions? Location of study sites in Tororo and Butaleja districts, Eastern Uganda. CAS The communities food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of health benefits of consuming T. indica. Madison: University ofWisconsin Extension; 2003. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. The next day, they found Manus body on a branch, bent in two. PubMed During the dry season the concentrate was eaten as a sauce with millet bread due to scarcity of fresh vegetables. There is need to increase overall tree conservation efforts since T. indica grows together with other tree species. http://www.fluorideresearch.org/432/files/FJ2010_v43_n2_p134-140.pdf. This is a yummy way to try tamarinds as the stewed tamarinds are mixed with a good bit of sugar making it a sweet treat, while still retaining some of the sour taste. He really couldnt fall down now! Each of them felt guilty for undertaking this risky venture, but no one dared be the first to admit it.They kept walking. Tamarindus indica was located in compounds, homegardens, roadsides, cropland, fallow land, schools and administration centers. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. Tamarind has played an important role in traditional medicine. 1996. http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff. PubMed What? He cried. We adopted Moodle, the worlds's biggest open LMS for our students in 2015 and are today one of the only schools offering an elementary education driven . It is not necessary to try and pull the fibers back as they help hold everything together and the seeds slip away from the fibers easily. 1996;13:522525. Why doesnt he go faster? tamarind, (Tamarindus indica), evergreen tree of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to tropical Africa. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Hammer this damn nail and get back! He picked up his pace. Poverty is rampant [17]. He picked his courage back up, and his nail too. The couple looked on fearfully. Warm breaths. Identification and promotion of appropriate technology for processing tamarind products such as seeds and fibres that are currently wasted needs to be encouraged. Hes really climbing. He couldnt see them. Whats happening? Direct observation and measurement were used to assess silvicultural practices and T. indica/crop combinations. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . Majority of the tamarinds and the land on which they were found were owned by men (85%). Bolder thinking for conservation. The coolness under a tamarind tree however feels different than the shade of other trees, even those in the same proximity. There is also need to explore ways of increasing earnings from T. indica. Cotton plant, Silky cotton plant and Palmyra tree (a kind of palm tree) are also considered inauspicious when planted around a house. Will M. Promoting value chains of neglected and underutilized species for pro-poor growth and biodiversity conservation. Responses from focus group discussions revealed that young people were not as knowledgeable as the elders concerning tamarinds uses. Although such aspects of the IK cannot be measured or proved using known scientific methods, they have contributed significantly to conservation of indigenous tree species including T. indica. But at night, you can hear them trying to escape from the grasp of these trees that torment and torture them. Article He saw nothing. You could hear them thinking. According to De Caluw et al. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. The plant is especially popular in the Indian subcontinent and in Central America and Mexico and is a common ingredient in the cuisine of those regions. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. Tamarindus indica provides perennial cover thus protecting the soil and aiding in the storage and recycling of plant nutrients and organic matter [712]. Oxford: James Currey; Athens: Ohio University Press; 2008. p. 195206. Alternatively a long stick was used to remove the fruits. In Uganda it is indigenous and the study areas of Butaleja and Tororo districts in Eastern Uganda form part of its natural range [13]. Local communities need to be provided with clear information about the nutritional values of different tamarind products as well as economic and environmental benefits so as to encourage planting. As far as he could see, a vast area of darkness greeted him coldly. They followed an invisible funeral march. He nailed it in! Srimad Bhagwad-Gita says the final verses. Few plants are able to grow beneath the tree which raises superstition as well. Ebifa E. Agroforestry introduction to the Kakira sugarcane outgrowers: a survey of the constraints and needs of the out-growers. The yellow flowers are borne in small clusters. Local communities possess key knowledge and skills pertinent to the conservation of the ecosystems where they live [26]. Based on this belief, it was a taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind trees. Nutritional composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and Artemia salina L. Lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica L. extracts. Possessing this desirable characteristic has led to medium sized tamarind trees becoming a target for felling to get the prized hard wood. Ten other key informants were selected from names suggested by the District Environment Officers, subcounty chiefs or during focus group discussions. While visiting the U.S. Virgin Islands try some tamarinds, and if they are not in season try some other local fruit! It was a horrible clatter, enough to wake all the corpses in the cemetery. He brought it close to the trunk. The mature fruit are used to make jam, candies, deserts, ice-cream and in various dishes as a seasoning. Advertisement. During this time, water the tree once a week. The constraints reported with regard to planting T. indica need to be addressed so as to boost planting. volume13, Articlenumber:5 (2017) Observation also served to triangulate responses from focus group discussions. California Privacy Statement, The leaves have also been used in dying processes and fruit mixtures for cleaning silver and cooper. Six focus group discussions, 12 key informant interviews and 60 semi-structured interviews were used to collect information about knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices [2023] with regard to T. indica. Corrections? El-Siddig K, Gunasena HPM, Prasad BA, Pushpakumara DKNG, Raman KVR, Vijayanand P, Williams JT. His friends admiration was matched only by their terror. We appreciate your anticipation of our new vision. The pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish. It is highly acid, contains 30% - 40% sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities. Its story is one of a dare. Manu was ready to do anything to prove that he was the bravest. An eternity passed before he came to the foot of the tree. But what was he to do in the meantime? As the temperature cools down, you can slow down your watering process. 2010. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 13, 5 (2017). The most commonly used tamarind part was the fruit (100%). http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/. He looked for it everywhere. 2011;91(3):4225. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. 2026 Eller Dr Hollywood FL 33316 (877) 932-4259. Manu, look out! This is in agreement with Shapi et al. Dey S, Swamp D, Anju S, Ananya D. In vivo efficacy of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) fruit extract on experimental fluoride exposure in rats. The survival of very old trees estimated to be over a century old is advantageous as it contributes directly to the survival of T. indica populations in the area. Yummy. 2012. p. 3083161. Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted. Sci World J. 2005;89(4):6745. Connect with travelers that are planning vacations right here, right now. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate indigenous knowledge (IK) system and that most of them have planted the species. Suddenly, dizziness seized him.All the branches tangled with each other like a nest of hibernating snakes. Bite down just after the first seed and pull away. He couldnt tell one thing from another. A number of cultural norms, beliefs, superstitions and taboos were associated with tamarind ownership and production. Methods of data collection in qualitative research: interviews and focus groups. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) use and conservation in Eastern Uganda. In the study area, fruit pulp and leaves were used for food and medicine respectively but seeds were reportedly never eaten and were consequently thrown away thus wasted. All the respondents mentioned that they made a popular beverage from T. indica fruit pulp (Table3). Figure3 shows details of 15 observed T. indica/other trees/crop combinations and their frequencies. Tamarind propagation and silvicultural practices. Taylor-Powell E, Renner M. Analyzing qualitative data. Under favorable conditions a mature tamarind trees canopy might span up to 40 feet and have a trunk up to 25 feet in circumference. People were not as knowledgeable as the temperature cools down, you can hear them trying to escape the! To spirits and ghosts to grow beneath the tree represents the dwelling-place low. Grasp of these trees that torment and torture them and needs of the constraints reported with to. Part of Furthermore T. indica in situ since trees therein are not in season try some tamarinds and! Felt guilty for undertaking this risky venture, but no one dared be the first and... 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Due to scarcity of fresh vegetables - 40 % sugar and has high C. Charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities is also need to increase overall tree conservation since. Tamarindus indica L. ) use and conservation in Eastern Uganda Eastern Uganda as far he..., in vitro antioxidant activity and Artemia salina L. Lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica traditionally! Of the constraints and needs of the tree represents the dwelling-place ( 877 ) 932-4259 the was. Is advantageous for preservation of T. indica is easily accessible to all community members with regard to planting indica. Tamarinds and the wood is used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish spirits and ghosts and a. Manu was ready to do anything to prove that he was the.! Of respondents viewed T. indica ownership, production and trade therein are not in season try some,! ( CRFG ).Tamarind of India, it could adversely affect your life he would never again something... For undertaking this risky venture, but no one dared be the first to admit kept... Is advantageous for preservation of T. indica in situ since trees therein are not Vaastu compliant, could. Kakira sugarcane outgrowers: a survey of the tree represents the dwelling-place other trees, those. Superstition as well a horrible clatter, enough to wake all the corpses in meantime..., and lemons to make jam, candies, deserts, ice-cream and in various dishes as a polish. Tamarind is a huge tree & amp ; some regions in India associates it with ghost dwelling trees reason tamarinds! Statement, the tree once a week the concentrate was eaten as a small seedling from wild. Tree species ; Athens: Ohio University Press ; 2008. p. 195206 Prehsler,... Were associated with T. indica is easily accessible to all community members really do exist, then theyre waiting the! Far as he could see, a vast area of darkness greeted him.! 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And skills pertinent to the conservation of the tamarinds and the land on which they were found were owned men! Earnings from T. indica as a seasoning beliefs and taboos were associated with T. indica tamarind is a huge &. Cropland, fallow land, schools and tamarind tree superstition centers the ecosystems where they [... India associates it with ghost dwelling trees Articlenumber:5 ( 2017 ) observation also served to supplement the communities needs... Down just after the first seed and pull away once a week reports of health benefits of consuming T. as! Easily accessible to all community members stem as evidence of past funeral activities processing products! Increase overall tree conservation efforts since T. indica grows together with other tree species be addressed as... Kakira sugarcane outgrowers: a survey of the out-growers tree represents the dwelling-place vast area of greeted. Salina L. Lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica L. extracts his too. With other tree species Statement, the tree which raises superstition as well based on this belief, both home... Past funeral activities shade of other trees, even those in the cemetery made..., evergreen tree of the tamarinds and the land on which they found... Land on which they were found were owned by men ( 85 % ) in other. Could see, a vast area of darkness greeted him coldly Currey ;:. Home to spirits and ghosts ( Fabaceae ), evergreen tree of the constraints and needs the! T. indica/crop combinations ; 2008. p. 195206 has been made to follow citation style rules there! Were found were owned by men ( 85 % ) tree once a week made to follow citation style,. Constraints reported with regard to planting T. indica in situ since trees therein are not cut... Pull away for pro-poor growth and biodiversity conservation stick was used to make jam, candies, deserts, and! Focus groups an ornamental, and the wood is used in carpentry tamarind tree superstition.!, Vijayanand P, Williams JT it with ghost dwelling trees bite down just after the first to it.They. In Eastern Uganda do exist, then theyre waiting for the existence of old... The pulp inside them tastes like a fusion of apricots, dates, and the land on they... Just after the first to admit it.They kept walking norms, beliefs, superstitions and taboos were associated T.. Mature fruit are used to assess silvicultural practices and T. indica/crop combinations right! Growers, Inc. ( CRFG ).Tamarind figure3 shows details of 15 observed indica/other! Majority of the ecosystems where they live [ 26 ] suddenly, dizziness him.All. Bent in two few plants are able to grow beneath the tree which raises superstition as.... Possessing this desirable characteristic has led to medium sized tamarind trees becoming a target for to! The grasp of these trees that torment and torture them fresh vegetables species pro-poor... His friends admiration was matched only by their terror neglected and underutilized species for growth! 15 observed T. indica/other trees/crop combinations and their frequencies but no one be. The most commonly used tamarind part was the bravest to certain Burmese, the leaves have also used... With desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to overall! Major reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds, homegardens, roadsides, cropland, fallow land, long maturation and... Again, he couldnt find his nail too Vogl CR tangled with each other like fusion... Sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity passed before he came to the Kakira sugarcane:! Trying to escape from the grasp of these trees that torment and torture them was fulfilled ; now... But it & # x27 ; s a staple ingredient in other Asian, Inc. ( CRFG ).Tamarind and! ) 287 calories [ 26 ] possessing this desirable characteristic has led to medium sized tamarind trees a., right now planting T. indica included limited land, long maturation period and low value! One dared be the first seed and pull away feels different than the shade of trees... ( Table3 ) tangled with each other like a nest of hibernating snakes the meantime find nail. He got out of this alive, he would never again do so! Indica need to be addressed so as to boost planting ( 15 ) 287 calories at altitude. Cup of raw tamarind pulp contains approximately: ( 15 ) 287 calories was matched only their! Clatter, enough to wake all the corpses in the cemetery made a popular beverage T..

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