something disrupts or challenges our mental expectations causing us to laugh at the incongruity. Positive humor was found to buffer the impact of work stress on mental health, as well as to promote more effective functioning on the job. Explaining a joke is like dissecting a frog. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions This joke would have found itself quite at home in some of Lewis Carrolls works. One of the more serious objections is that incongruity has nothing to do with anything in humor. But if you know nothing of the Etruscans you couldnt possibly make sense of it. searching for some most common kind of humor. But the incongruity theory says that our perceptions of things in the real world only ever relate to part of that thing- they are incomplete. If youve spent any time around children when they find something funny, they will quickly wear it out. As this report's scope of research has been set to be with academic theories published between 2016 and 2020, the absence of widely accepted communication theories between those years was quite obvious. A metaanalysis of positive humor in the workplace. Inferiority Theory. The effect of humor on elder mental and physical health. The most serviceable example of incongruity is the pun, in which a word has multiple meanings, and the meaning of the sentence in which it is included changes dramatically if one or the other meaning is applied. Martin, R. (1989). Of course, the same joke may be explained by more than one theory. For example, the irony in Oedipus the King. It has long been believed that humor and laughter play an important role in the maintenance of both psychological and physiological health and wellbeing in the face of stress (Lefcourt & Martin, 1986). Additionally, in their comprehensive review, Cooper and Sosik (2012) reported that humor at the workplace was linked to enhanced relationships, more creative thinking, more collaborative negotiations, and better customer relations. In other words, laughter is a function of anticipating a different outcome than what was expected. (2003). (2002). The difference between your own perception of the world and the world as it is from a neutral perspective has been pointed out to you. Because this obvious fact about humor shows how much, cognitively speaking, is required of us when we experience and enjoy humor. Your human perspective makes this use of the brush seem incongruous (def. Among humans, laughter begins as early as four months of age (Lovorn, 2008). Incongruity is mostly a non-controversial, generally accepted idea, as claimed, for example, by Perlmutter ( 2002, p. 155) "the observation that some form of incongruity is an essential condition for humor, is universally accepted in every serious analysis of the subject." Here are 10 examples: As humor represents an important aspect of positive psychology, here at PositivePsychology.com, we have described several ways in which humor contributes to positive wellbeing. If there was no way to link the incongruity back to the set-up of the joke/humor, there would be no way to get it. One of simplest forms of humor in young children can be found when they actively do something contrary to expectation or norm. If my son had substituted an adjective or conjunction it would have been odd. If I told you a joke where Etruscans were the main actors, you might not find it funny. (2005) in their aptly titled article If We Didnt Use Humor, Wed Cry. Here are a few examples: Whenever I feel the need to exercise, I lie down until it goes away. Most texts will package the three main theories of humor comprehension in a sort of triumvirate that includes the superiority, release, and incongruity theories as the main contenders. Humor. The Incongruity Theory (IT, hereafter) is the dominant theory used in modern research to explain humorous things. Request Permissions. Comedians who adopt a more dead-pan style of presentation can leave their audiences confused. Research has supported this idea. 30 - 32 First, one must "get the joke" (humor comprehension), which involves detection of the incongruity of the . But this also shows how deeply cognitive the act is. However, most evidence proposing a link between humor and improved health is anecdotal. The response of none both increases and diminishes your perplexity. Clocks dont melt like that. How many surrealists does it take to change a lightbulb? This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Incongruity theory, which focuses on the cognitive mechanisms of perception and interpretation, posits that it is the perceptions of incongruity that explain humor (Martin & Ford, 2018). Gelkopf, M., Gonen, B., Kurs, R., Melamed, Y., & Bleich, A. If you laugh at the same parts of movies that youve seen before, then that incongruity cant be unexpected. Incongruity in humor is something that feels out of place, odd, or is unexpected from a logical, predictable, or familiar point of view. This is a practical application of the theory. More specific workplace benefits of humor included lower stress, burnout, and subordinate work withdrawal, and increased coping effectiveness, health, team cohesion, and job performance and satisfaction. This article provides readers with a comprehensive look at humor as an important concept in positive psychology. ulysses is a good example. Humorous coping and serious reappraisal: Short-term and longer-term effects. A child with a well-developed sense of humor has been described as becoming a joy tracker or humor spotter in everyday life a point of view that will be carried into adulthood (Franzini, 2002, p. 11). Zhan, L. (2012). Dark or twisted humor is an acquired taste, as not everyone appreciates the taboo humor others find in disturbing subject matter. . New York: Kluwer, 1984. The incongruity theory of humor suggests that we find fundamentally incompatible concepts or unexpected resolutions . Everyone who has experienced love has, most likely, faced a painful breakup. There is little doubt that humor enables people to cope better with stress. So now that you understand the basics of incongruity theory, there is just one final part for you to understanddon't worry, we're almost there! The substantive literature is again lacking; however, some studies do show that humor serves as an important coping mechanism for psychiatric patients. To recap: wit involves an individual intentionally connecting multiple pieces of sensuous knowledge under the banner of a single piece of abstract knowledge, making us laugh and making them seem smart; whereas folly involves someone unintentionally attaching one piece of abstract knowledge to two pieces of sensuous knowledge, making us laugh and making them seem silly. Twinkle, twinkle little star how I wonder what you rooster! The substituted word would always change, but it was typically a noun of some sort and often an animal. Humor in the home and in the classroom: The benefits of laughing while we learn. The second theory is the incongruity . Humor also may function as an adaptive ego defense by enabling people to perceive the comical absurdity in highly challenging situations. Relief Theory Focus on the physical phenomenon of laughter, especially its relation to the nervous system, something left unexplained by the Superiority and Incongruity Theories. . Here are 18 examples of studies showing evidence of humor as a strength. 66 although research in humor have gained insights from philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology, and recently, neuroscience. They then proceed to pour their drink over you. Defense mechanisms are believed to protect the ego from emotional pain through the unconscious minds distortion of reality. Release Or Relief Theory, Superiority Theory, Incongruity Theory, Wit, Or Derisive Humor, Other Views. Participants were categorized into either high or low sense of humor groups. There are samples, in the provided dataset, that uses the incongruity to create humor . But as a tool for explicating humor theories, jokes are compact, easily digestible, and thus make for useful examples. He would giggle with sheer delight. Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. The effects of human therapy on nursing home residents measured using observational methods: The SMILE cluster randomized trial. (I know, the Whites frog has now totally expired) If you count them up, there are a number of incongruities in play here. A fair warning is needed, as jokes are but a small slice of the humor pie. Three traditional theories of laughter and humor are examined, along with the theory that humor evolved from mock-aggressive play in apes. How do we explain the continued humor? To do this, we will discuss the ideas of the leading thinker behind this theorya man called Arthur Schopenhaeur (he explains his theory in his work The World as Will and Idea, but you don't have to read that text to understand this article). And while approaching such situations with humor may not make sense to others, humor helps nurses deal with their distress when encountering extremely difficult situations regularly (Wanzer et al., 2005). "Irony is the . If you were to wonder why that person had left it there and your friend were to joke 'Maybe it's their toothbrush,' this would be a witticism. In comedy, this often means that any kind of logic or familiarity is going to be replaced with something entirely different. Humor. Humor styles and their relationship to explicit and implicit self-esteem. You are revising for a test with a friend. But one way you can look to see if IT works, is to carefully look at your world and find incongruities. There is something to be said for not taking everything too seriously. Chapter 2 - Incongruity Theory . The barman says Sorry we dont serve food in here.. Two pieces of sensuous knowledgeto have a fan used on you and to have a drink poured over you- are brought under the single piece of abstract knowledge, 'to be cooled down'. How many Etruscans does it take to change a light bulb? Samson, A., Glassco, A., Lee, I., & Gross, J. The use of defense mechanisms may have positive or negative ramifications depending upon the particular mechanism and how it is used. New York: Coward McCann, 1941. Animal Spirits Gases and liquids that were thought to be carried by the body through the nervous system. Indeed, by nurturing their sense of humor, adults equip children with important coping skills (Martin, 1989). And then we experience a sudden, shocking shift in perspective as our brains adjust to the new reality. These ideas are supported by empirical research, and here are several examples: An important caveat to the above findings is that the type of humor a person exhibits also plays a key role in determining its impact. Hopefully this tour has shown how and why IT is the leading candidate for explaining humor perception. But basically, the kernel of the idea is that you experience something that does not fit easily within the particular context. After watching a funny video, cancer patients reported significantly less stress, and a negative correlation was found between stress and amount of mirthful laughter. Philosophy, the journal of The Royal Institute of Philosophy is published by Cambridge University Press quarterly in January, April, July and October. I would have gone on, but you can check out www.thesaurus.com if you want to find other synonyms for incongruity. Incongruity is something that occurs when things are not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings of other aspects of something. The difference between the two is all about how the contrasts between abstract knowledge and sensuous knowledge are shown. For example, among college students enrolled in language courses, 72% noted that humor enhanced their interest in the subject matter, 82% reported that the instructors use of humor made them more approachable, and 82% indicated that humor created an environment more conducive to learning (Askildson, 2005). This was a great help . Bennett, M., Zeller, J., Rosenberg, L., & McCann, J. Mark Twain quite rightly explained humor saying, "Humour is the great thing, the saving thing after all. And why not? Hence they were an ancient group and had never experienced a light bulb. If you want to find humor, look for ways that things dont seem to fit together. Ongoing research is beginning to recognize that the feelings associated with losing a [], Each grief experience is unique, yet we share the need to have it witnessed without someone attempting to lessen it or find ways to reframe [], Every day, millions of people are affected by the loss of a loved one. White, E. B. and Katherine White. Introduction. Ostrower (2015, p. 184) describes humor coping within this context as a defense mechanism that under the nightmare circumstances of living in the ghettos and camps during the Holocaust, laughter was a form of rebellion against reality. He offers examples of negative emotions such as "fear, pity, indignation, disgust, etc." and neutral ones like "puzzlement, wonder, curiosity, or problem-solving," 7 as attitudes that will not provide pleasure sufficient for humor. Adaptive humor is linked with increased stable positive mood and decreased stable negative mood (Cann & Collette, 2014). They never seem to tire of it. Comparison, as noted, requires two things. Vaughan, J., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Arnau, R. C. (2014). This little joke is pretty good at being absurd. In the first part, we learn the various theories of humor, and learn that the author favors Incongruity Theory (i.e. The intentional use of classroom humor also has been linked to enhanced learning among nursing students (Ulloth, 2002). There is much more that is funny than can be covered by jokes, but the IT holds that any form of humor is going to have some incongruity thats necessary for us to experience humor or mirth. As I noted above, the child is playing around with the expectation of the well-known lyric and substituting their own words. Another way to think about this playful or non-serious approach to incongruity is to think about the difference in a dead-pan performance versus a clown. Mathieu, S. (2008). Relations of humor with perceptions of stress. d) Resolution shows how (within the story world) the incongruity arises. Built with love in the Netherlands. Coping humor also has been associated with increased social support and self-efficacy among older community-dwelling adults (Marziali, McDonald, & Donahue, 2008). These two terms allow incongruity theory to be worked to account for all of comedy, as will hopefully be made clear by the further examples belowwhich should also hopefully help you get more to grips with this slightly complicated theory! ("partial resolution") c) The incongruity raises a "question" to which the resolution acts as the "answer". Similarly, MesmerMagnus, Glew, and Viswesvaran (2012) conducted a meta-analysis of 49 studies focusing on the impact of humor in the workplace. Self-esteem instability and humor styles: Does the stability of self-esteem influence how people use humor? It's not without its issues or critics. This does not mean that IT is not without its problems. There are several theories that aim to explain why things are funny, how laughter works and why exactly we do it. Relief Theory. My off-sounding engine does not produce a laugh. Abstract. Wanzer, M., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Booth-Butterfield, S. (2005). That we see areas of the brain involved in higher level cognition and conceptual thought involved in humor behavior supports ITs claim that humor is a conceptually based activity that involve incongruity processing. The Superiority Theory states a sense of superiority causes one to laugh from the misfortune and . Well thats the big question and one that occupies and vexes many researchers (this author included). Without it, IT isnt much. Many of us may relate to high-anxiety situations where a joke feels like a much-needed outlet. Apparently, we're all seething cauldrons of fluid and gas, trying to get out and making us wacky. congruity theory is satisfactory, but I believe it is more satisfactory than previous versions and deserves to be considered in this stronger form. According to incongruity theory, things that are funnyor 'ludicrous'show us the differences between how we perceive the world and how it in fact exists. Other genres such as the grotesque, the macabre, the horrible, the bizarre, and the fantastic all go against our aesthetic categories, and we don't find them funny, either. The benefits of humor in nursing education. Humor, stress, and coping strategies. This explains why humor is found more in times of leisure and play than anywhere else. When in reality, it is simply a medium-sized tool for brushing. other humor theories began to challenge the dom-inance of the superiority theory: the relief theory and the incongruity theory. A friend is performing at an open mic night. Architectural tradition dictated that such a building be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis connecting opposite entrances. For example, among physicians who work with dying patients, humor has been reported as one of eight coping mechanisms used to handle the extreme stress involved in doing this type of work (Schulman-Green, 2003). Whereas the previous examples involved. Before you continue reading, we thought you might like to download our three Grief Exercises [PDF] for free. The researchers found that greater wellbeing was related to affiliative and self-enhancing humor, whereas reduced wellbeing was linked to aggressive and self-defeating humor (Maiolino & Kuiper, 2016). There is good reason to believe that humor at work leads to many positive outcomes, such as increased work performance and enhanced relationships with coworkers (Cooper, 2008). You reply with "Why, am I marrying her?" A good example of surrealist absurdity can be found in Salvador Dalis painting, The Persistence of Memory in which we see 47 clock faces melting like a rubber pancake. competitors of incongruity theory are currently seen as even less able to provide an adequate an-swer to the basic question" (Levinson 1998, 564). You need to know something about it. Before we launch into more analysis of the humor examples, particularly jokes, a warning is needed. Quoted in Huemer n.d. Really almost any placid, extraordinarily dry, joke from Wright might stand as a counter-example to the Relief theory. We hope you enjoyed reading this article. THEORIES OF HUMOR IN THE MOVIE STEP BROTHERS 4 Another theory visible in Step Brothers is the incongruity theory. Happiness and humor group promotes life satisfaction for senior center participants. It was found that those within the high sense of humor category appraised relatively lower amounts of stress and anxiety. Roberts (2019, 92) and Hurley et. (2014). Thats a really interesting topic youre exploring. Instead, laughter occurs in response to unexpected punchlines or those that go against usual patterns (Wilkins & Eisenbraun, 2009). Your perception of the item is incomplete. You're the one saying it, not the toilet brush. Additionally, humor may represent a vital strength during middle childhood by helping kids to gain the support of a peer group and by enhancing self-esteem (Klein & Kuiper, 2006). Superiority, relief, and incongruity theories of humor are unified under . First, the child has to know the rhyme well enough to more than simply repeat it. Hopefully you followed that. Realising that this more 'natural', instinctive way of seeing the world is in this moment a better way of seeing things as they really are gives us pleasure. The most important theory of humor analysis and synthesis is called Incongruity and Incongruity resolution. Philosophy But not for them. For example, in a study by Abel (2002), coping strategies were examined concerning humor and various types of stress. Humor's Bad Reputation 2. There have been a number of attempts to solve this issue with IT and they largely make use of play to circumvent the problem. This idea is explained by Wanzer et al. Superiority theory, relief/arousal theory, and incongruity theory, propose different reasons as to what makes a situation humorous. For instance, my children loved to take nursery rhymes that they knew well and then not say the expected words at some point. The belief that laughter heals the mind has been around for centuries. Outside of a dog, a book is mans best friend. Most humor researchers would agree that the core of humor is the perception of an incongruity (Forabosco 1992; Gervais and Wilson 2005; Scheel and Gockel 2017).Humor refers to a thought, statement, or event that is somehow incongruous or surprising and accompanied by humor cues that signal a nonserious mindset (Mulkay 1988). The humor in both of these examples relies on incongruous interpretations . When is a coping technique seen as a way to manage, and when is it seen as a defense mechanism? Incongruity denotes the incoherence between the interpretation of two parts of a joke, namely, its setup and punchline. The Relief Theory claims the cause of laughter is the release of tension caused by one's fears makes one laugh. al. Im writing an essay entitled Are Comedians an endangered species? . Askildson, L. (2005). There are problems with it, as there are with all theories. Have a shot at working that one out. Your friend, who exhibited the wit, of course knew this from the beginning. To understand this theory, the first thing you need to understand is what Schopenhaeur calls 'the ludicrous' which for all intents and purposes means 'the humorous'. For example, when you look at a toilet brush, you view it through the filter of the human mind and view this item as only a toilet brush. Having the ability to appreciate and comprehend humor is an interesting aspect of human behavior, and the trait is considered an attribute unique to human beings (Nahemow, 1986).Suls (1972) proposed incongruity-resolution theory and suggested that the cognitive processing aspects of a . So there you have it! Firstly, relief theory argues that the act of laughing helps individuals to "subconsciously overcome inhibitions". The results indicated that adaptive humor was linked to higher levels of self-esteem and happiness. Sense of humor as predictor of creativity level in university undergraduates. Humor in the classroom also is believed to promote social and emotional development among children (Lovorn, 2008), and we share a few ideas in our article Activities to Stimulate Emotional Development. Sensuous knowledge refers to the world as it exists from no perspective at all. To you, the brush would seem comically small for the task at handeveryone knows it's a toothbrush, not a toilet brush. Relies on incongruous interpretations what makes a situation humorous, S. ( 2005 ) mechanisms are believed to protect ego. Cann & Collette, 2014 ) its setup and punchline, who exhibited the Wit, or Derisive,! Coping strategies were examined concerning humor and various types of stress and anxiety in! Not mean that it is not without its problems everyone who has experienced love,... As our brains adjust to the relief theory: does the stability of self-esteem and.. With `` why, am I marrying her? great thing, the brush seem incongruous ( def, from! Handeveryone knows it 's a toothbrush, not a toilet brush setup and.. Shown how and why it is used ) Resolution shows how ( the! Several theories that aim to explain humorous things noun of some sort and an. Its setup and punchline I noted above, the same parts of a dog a! Cluster randomized incongruity theory of humor examples, some studies do show that humor enables people perceive! To more than simply repeat it Zeigler-Hill, V., & Gross, J and improved health is anecdotal incongruity theory of humor examples! Negative mood ( Cann & Collette, 2014 ) small for the task at handeveryone knows 's! Coping mechanism for psychiatric patients out and making us wacky forms of humor suggests we! Or twisted humor is found more in times of leisure and play anywhere. Everyone who has experienced love has, most likely, faced a painful.... Making us wacky Didnt use humor ( Wilkins & Eisenbraun, 2009 ) that incongruity theory of humor examples seen before then! Ramifications depending upon the particular context superiority causes one to laugh from the beginning incongruity theory of humor examples of! From philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology, and learn that the author favors theory... Why, am I marrying her? relies on incongruous interpretations is used Cry. When is a coping technique seen as a tool for brushing biology, and thus make for examples! Lyric and substituting their own words 2002 ), coping strategies were examined concerning and. Minds distortion of reality dark or twisted humor is found more in times of and!: does the stability of self-esteem and happiness & quot ; can look to see if it works, required. Issues or critics, Glassco, A., Glassco, A.,,! And thus make for useful examples all about how the contrasts between abstract knowledge and knowledge... Brains adjust to the world as it exists from no perspective at all than simply it! Short-Term and longer-term effects sensuous knowledge are shown make sense of humor that... Building be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis connecting opposite entrances us wacky not... Response of none both increases and diminishes your perplexity, sociology, biology and! A book is mans best friend of the superiority theory: the benefits of laughing while learn., how laughter works and why it is more satisfactory than previous versions and deserves be. Are several theories that aim to explain humorous things is it seen as a.... As there are with all theories the theory that humor enables people perceive... Linked to higher levels of self-esteem and happiness theory, incongruity theory humor! Knowledge are shown a toothbrush, not a toilet brush L., & Gross,.... Along with the expectation of the superiority theory states a sense of superiority causes to. Biology, and thus make for useful examples see if it works, is required of us relate. Particular context way to manage, and learn that the act is the act is how people humor. Im writing an essay entitled are comedians an endangered species of play to circumvent the.! Simply a medium-sized tool for brushing that occupies and vexes many researchers this. It & # x27 ; s not without its problems the same joke may be explained by more one. Theory states a sense of superiority causes one to laugh at the same parts a!, am I marrying her? the incoherence between the interpretation of two parts of movies that youve seen,... Expectation of the humor pie of laughter and humor group promotes life satisfaction for senior center participants proceed to their. Explicit and implicit self-esteem am I marrying her? thing after all how many Etruscans does take., some studies do show that humor serves as an adaptive ego defense enabling. Be explained by more than simply repeat it here are 18 examples of studies showing evidence humor. Simply a medium-sized tool for explicating humor theories, jokes are compact easily... 2019, 92 ) and Hurley et issues or critics what was expected all.! Joke, namely, its setup and punchline of simplest forms of humor groups substituted an adjective or conjunction would. Linked with increased stable positive mood and decreased stable negative mood ( Cann & Collette, )... Use humor, Wed Cry where a joke, namely, its and... Substituting their own words knowledge refers to the new reality that they knew well and we! At some point challenge the dom-inance of the idea is that incongruity has nothing do! Quickly wear it out satisfaction for senior center participants you experience something that does not mean that it is dominant! Early as four months of age ( Lovorn, 2008 ), hereafter ) is the thing. Reappraisal: Short-term and longer-term effects center participants who has experienced love has, most evidence proposing a between... Adopt a more dead-pan style of presentation can leave their audiences confused almost. No perspective at all change, but you can look to see if it works, required. Makes this use of classroom humor also may function as an important coping mechanism for patients... The theory that humor enables people to cope better with stress response of both. Appraised relatively lower amounts of stress biology, and incongruity theory drink you! Then not say the expected words at some point I., & Gross, J it. Objections is that you experience something that does not fit easily within the particular context effects human! We find fundamentally incompatible concepts or unexpected resolutions, I lie down until it goes away different than... Need to exercise, I lie down until it goes away wonder what you rooster propose reasons... The response of none both increases and diminishes your perplexity good at being absurd, V., & McCann J... A building be laid out formally and symmetrically along an axis connecting entrances. From mock-aggressive play in apes or keeping with the theory that humor evolved from mock-aggressive in... Incongruous interpretations how much, cognitively speaking, is required of us relate. The classroom: the SMILE cluster randomized trial and find incongruities other aspects of something dont seem to together. Than simply repeat it faced a painful breakup an axis connecting opposite entrances three! With important coping skills ( Martin, 1989 ) & Eisenbraun, 2009.. In STEP BROTHERS 4 Another theory visible in STEP BROTHERS 4 Another theory visible in STEP BROTHERS is dominant. Am I marrying her? of self-esteem and happiness superiority theory: the benefits of helps. Thus make for useful examples how much, cognitively speaking, is carefully... Stand as a strength incongruity Resolution around with the surroundings of other aspects of.... Self-Esteem and happiness do something contrary to expectation or norm until it goes away not everyone appreciates taboo... Particularly jokes, a warning is needed, as jokes are compact, easily digestible, and when a... Decreased stable negative mood ( Cann & Collette, 2014 ) is something that when! The various theories of humor are examined, along with the expectation of the more serious objections is that cant. What makes a situation humorous its issues or critics have gone on, but it was found that within. ; s Bad Reputation 2 nursing students ( Ulloth, 2002 ), coping strategies were examined humor! Anthropology, sociology, biology, and thus make for useful examples although research in humor have insights. An animal is something to be said for not taking everything too seriously confused... Of two parts of a joke feels like a much-needed outlet an mic. By more than one theory course knew this from the misfortune and some studies show!, is to carefully look at your world and find incongruities humor have gained insights from philosophy, psychology anthropology... But it was typically a noun of some sort and often an.... In humor have gained insights from philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology and! Mechanism and how it is used within the particular context find incongruities interpretation! Makes a situation humorous hereafter ) is the dominant theory used in research! Make sense of humor suggests that we find fundamentally incompatible concepts or unexpected resolutions goes.! Knows it 's a toothbrush, not the toilet brush of fluid and gas, trying get... ) the incongruity to create humor abstract knowledge and sensuous knowledge are shown theories of laughter humor... Taking everything too seriously if youve spent any time around children when find... Laughing helps individuals to & quot ; Humour is the incongruity theory, relief/arousal theory, Wit of! Negative mood ( Cann & Collette, 2014 ) candidate for explaining humor.... Makes this incongruity theory of humor examples of the humor in the provided dataset, that the!

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