A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. O'Brien The failure of a single dam on the Ru River in China caused an estimated 171,000 deaths. There is a proposal for the construction of a 130MW, natural gas fired power generation facility near my house. J Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions at the State Level, through 2018, Monthly Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production, Annual Solar Photovoltaic Module Shipments Report, Midwest and Rocky Mountain Transportation Fuels Markets, East Coast and Gulf Coast Transportation Fuels Markets. Many plants meet or exceed this threshold for more than one key demographic and are included in the counts of more than one demographic. On Florida birth certificates, the gestational age in weeks is typically determined by ultrasound measurements. The main pollutants resulting from natural gas electricity generation are nitrogen oxides, or NOx. To explore the state-level data, click on a state tosee the number of plants located in communities above the80thpercentile for each of the six key demographics and then click on a demographic to see the distribution of plants across the entire range of percentiles. CA In short, NOx is bad news for human health. AR As noted in the Data Considerations section, information about the adjacent communities can be used to raise awareness and to help people understand the extent to which there may be disproportionate, adverse impacts on overburdened communities. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. When hydrogen is added to the natural gas fuel mix, the carbon emissions fall even more. 3rd Our continuous exposure analysis showed that proximity to nuclear plants was protective against PTD, but not term LBW or VPTD. Moreover, these associations showed an exposure-response relationship with closer residents having the higher odds. Visintainer et al. This finding is plausible as these plants produce high concentrations of nitric oxides that have been found to increase the odds of these outcomes (30, 33). State energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. In fact, the rise of natural gas to become the leading U.S. fuel for generating electricity has lowered CO 2 emissions to their lowest levels in a generation. Peng Natural gas storage during periods of low demand helps to ensure that enough natural gas is available during periods of high demand. JM M Biodiesel, renewable diesel, and other biofuels, U.S. Webselection of safety distance can prevent optimum utilisation of available space. Characteristics and risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in pregnant black adolescents, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Factors associated with negative birth outcomes: findings from a birth cohort study, A case study of the relative effects of power plant nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emission reductions on atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification, Impact of residential mobility on exposure assessment in longitudinal air pollution studies: a sensitivity analysis within the ESCAPE Project. T JM EPA is committed to Environmental Justice (EJ) - the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people. And since half of Californias natural gas power plants are concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities in the state, these emissions harm communities that are already overburdened with pollution. Tools to customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and access time-series data. Low-income populations generally have been found to have a higher prevalence of pre-existing diseases, limited access to medical treatment, and increased nutritional deficiencies, which can increase this populations susceptibility to pollution-related effects. All active power plants during the study period and eligible births were geocoded and mapped using ArcGIS V10.1 (ESRI, Redlands, California). As close as you want, just not very close to the plant. The power company owns that land, they dont want people there for security reasons. In addition, women who were closest to coal plants were exposed to the highest levels of PM2.5 (mean = 10.7 (standard deviation (SD), 2.7) g/m3) during the first trimester, followed by those living close to solid waste plants (mean = 10.1 (SD, 1.8) g/m3), gas plants (mean = 9.5 (SD, 2.1) g/m3), and oil plants (mean = 9.3 (SD, 1.8) g/m3). We unfortunately did not have residential mobility information to address this issue. De Mouzon In his role, he leads research and advocacy efforts in California and other Western states to advance the transition to a less polluting and less carbon-intensive energy system. Exploration and reserves, storage, imports and exports, production, prices, sales. Closing large fossil fuel-fired plants may have immediate and lasting effects on the surrounding communities and should be considered when evaluating a community's future potential vulnerability for environmental justice concerns. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PM2.5, particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. Overall, the percentages of people living closer to power plants were higher among those with adverse birth outcomes compared with those among controls. To our knowledge, few existing studies have evaluated the association between residential proximity to different types of power plants and adverse birth outcomes (20). Mangones We were also unable to adjust for daily activities patterns. These data are based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model output (25). Although we chose PM2.5 to validate our exposure, power plants also emit other gaseous pollutants including carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxides (41), all of which are highly correlated (30). A) Daily concentrations of PM2.5 during the study period 20032005 at power plants; B) mean daily PM2.5 concentration at residential address during the first trimester for births in Florida from 2004 to 2005. S its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends. Underground Natural Gas Storage by Storage Type, The Basics of Underground Natural Gas Storage, Natural Gas Processing: The Crucial Link Between Natural Gas Production and Its Transportation to Market. To help answer questions about environmental justice in the communities around power plants, information on the following six key demographics (e.g., demographic indicators) and demographic index (average of low-income and people of colorpopulations) ispresented below through interactive maps and graphs: These key demographics and information about nearby fossil fuel power plants can be used as a general indicator of a communitys potential susceptibility to these types of environmental exposures. CC The national average for each demographic is shown in parentheses. Siffel Because pollution can travel over long distances from a power plant, the impacts of both potential increases and decreases in power plant emissions can be felt many miles away, meaning that the air quality in a community can be due to far-distant sources The type of nearest power plant was also identified by fuel type. These steps and processes may be integrated into one unit or operation, be performed in a different order or at alternative locations (such as a (lease separator, field facilities, or natural gas processing plants), or not be required at all. However, proximity was our best available surrogate for exposure, and it potentially captures all the pollutants emitted by different types of power plants. We stratified the plots by fuel type for comparison. Coal was strongly associated with all adverse birth outcomes (Table4). Time is Running Out, Motorola's handy Bluetooth device adds satellite messaging to your iPhone or Android smartphone, Linux 6.2: The first mainstream Linux kernel for Apple M1 chips arrives, Sony's new headphones adopt WH-1000XM5 technology for less than half the price, The perfectly pointless $197 gadget that some people will love. We were unable to perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells. et al. Proximity to any power plant appeared to increase the odds of all adverse birth outcomes for both continuous and categorical exposure in the unadjusted model. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Some of the highest-polluting natural gas power plants emit over 100 tons of NOx per year, which is roughly equivalent to the NOx emissions from traveling 11 million JK Natural gas power plants emit more NOx when they are starting up; on average, they emit anywhere between three and seven times as much NOx during start-up than during one hour of full-load operation. Explore additional graphs that show distributions of generation and emissions for each of the demographics. Those NOx emissions may linger in nearby communities, leading to serious health problems for the people living near plants. These results call for further investigation to confirm our results and to investigate the specific pollutants generated from power plants that are responsible for this association. Prenatal exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter for women living near different types of power plants was also determined by using National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network data. Testing RFID blocking cards: Do they work? Furthermore, although power plant emissions are 1 of the major point sources of air pollution (21), which has been shown to have consistent association with adverse birth outcomes (22), there is limited information on air pollution exposure and pregnant women living close to specific types of power plants. Williams The photo to the right shows gas venting out of an open pipe shortly before the explosion on February 7th. Bell We obtained the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the increase in odds of having adverse birth outcomes for each 5 km closer to any power plant. Shi et al. 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