In 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. The two lived at an address on Tbingern, Kurzestrasse 15, before later moving to an apartment listed at Stuttgart-Degerloch, Reutlingerstrasse 98. iie was 70 years old. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities, but earned him a transfer to a hospital. Shortly after his birth O'Flaherty's parents moved to Killarney, Ireland, and made a home on a golf course where James O'Flaherty worked as a steward. SOLTAU, West Germany, Feb. 9 (Reuters)Herbert Kappler; a_convicted Nazi war criminal, died of stomach cancer here today, six months after- a daring escape from a Rome military hospital. Kappler's post-war time seeking asylum in the Vatican, and his resultant friendship with his former enemy Monsignor O'Flaherty, was dramatised in the radio play The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican by Robin Glendinning. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities. Reply ( 0) Leave a comment. 1,007 were shipped to Auschwitz. Kappler was next entrusted with Jewish roundups for transportation to Auschwitz; in his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported with only 16 surviving, and Kappler would later arrange the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom would eventually perish in Nazi gas chambers. Mrs. Kappler told reporters: The more they hate Herbert Kappler, the more love him. Comment * what is insensible water loss. (1997), Military history of Italy during World War II, "An Italian doctor explains "Syndrome K", the fake disease he invented to save Jews from the Nazis", "Weitere Grber nicht mehr namenlos (neues deutschland)", "La vedova di Kappler a Trento per il culto del Simonino", "Erich Priebke, Nazi Who Carried Out Massacre of 335 Italians, Dies at 100", "Nazi funeral that's forcing Italy to face its past", "Kappler's escape MEETING WITH Hon. [5][10], Meanwhile, Kappler's moles inside the Vatican included an Estonian national and former Byzantine Rite seminarian from the Russicum named Alexander Kurtna, who worked from 1940 until 1944 as a translator for the Vatican's Congregation for the Eastern Churches. With a portion of Italy under German occupation, those POWs were at risk of being recaptured. The film was filled with the Catholic faith of his wife, Maria von Trapp, and their family. Over the years, the two developed a strange friendship. He was only obeying orders.. During his captivity, Kappler wrote to his former rival and asked him to come and visit. Since the marriage had remained childless, the couple adopted a boy from a Lebensborn home. What happened to Herbert Kappler, SS Colonel, after WWII? In practice, refusal to obey orders during war is not possible. She declined to give details of the escape, saying these would appear in a mass-circulation magazine this week. Following the end of the war, Kappler stood trial in Italy and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Kapplers second in command in Rome, SS-Captain. what happened to herbert kappler's first wife. Kappler prison photo -Public domain via Wikimedia Commons. In 1931, Herbert Kappler formally became a Nazi Party member. Access the best of Getty Images with our simple subscription plan. A particular adversary of Kappler's in this respect was Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, whose activities helping Jewish fugitives and Allied prisoners escape Rome led to Kappler having him targeted for assassination. Kappler organized the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on March 24, 1944, as a reprisal for an attack by resistance fighters that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police garrison in Rome. Kappler's first action as head of German security forces in Rome was to help plan the rescue of Benito Mussolini by the SS special forces, a feat which was accomplished by Otto Skorzeny. On 19-04-1972, he married Anneliese Viktoria Wenger (born 1925), a homeopath and mother of three already grown children from a first marriage divorced in 1955 (including Eckehard and Ekkehard Walther, who was with her in Rome) In 1962, after hearing about Kapplers fate from a patient for the first time, she wrote to him and sent food parcels. Kappler's main activities during this period involved suppressing resistance groups, rounding up "enemies of the state", and enforcing anti-Jewish measures, conducting Jewish ghetto raids, and deportations to extermination camps. Shahan Russell is one of the authors writing for WAR HISTORY ONLINE. (Photo by Stefano Montesi/Corbis via Getty Images), 2001 x 2880 px (6.67 x 9.60 in) - 300 dpi - 1 MB. Of the citys 9,700 Jews, 5,000 were hidden by the Vatican at different properties, and3,700 were hidden by OFlahertys group. Kappler died on 09-02-1978, at home in Soltau at the age of 70. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities. Hugh OFlaherty was born on February 28, 1898, in County Cork, Ireland. In 1937, Kappler graduated from the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolizei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin as a Kriminalkommissar (criminal commissioner). He said the Jews had committed no crime other than being Jews, but were about to be deported to Germany.. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. Hugh became a scratch golfer meaning he was quite good. . Erich Priebke did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke would face justice. By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. Kappler was responsible for many cruel deeds in Rome as well as the massacre at The Ardeatine Caves, which were personally supervised by Kappler. Herbert Kappler passed away in 1978 after Anneliese broke him out of prison when he was . iie was 70 years old. It was also because the Republic of Ireland was neutral during the war. He was posted to Rome in 1922 to finish his studies and was ordained on 20-12-1925. [1] [2] In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on February 9, 1978, aged 70. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services ( Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. Wellwishers showered the Kappler apartment with flowers and telegrams, and young neoNazis marched along the street below with, Fascist and antiJewish banners. [2], By 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. OFlaherty did not just hide POWs. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. You got lucky! [11][12], Kappler organised the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on 24 March 1944 in response to a direct order from Adolf Hitler to "kill 100 Italians for each German", in retaliation for an attack by the Italian Resistance that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police Regiment Bozen's garrison in Rome. Kapplers days were over. Without hesitation, O'Flaherty took up Kappler's invitation and in prison the two men chatted over coffee. [6][7][10][13], Kappler was arrested by British authorities in 1945, turned over to the Italian government in 1947, and tried the following year. Organize, control, distribute and measure all of your digital content. He underwent six months of indoctrination training, and was sworn into the SS on May 8, 1933. This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone. Because of Kapplers deteriorating condition and his wifes nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him during his time in the Italian hospital. He rose to the rank of SS- Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. On a prison visit in August 1977, Kappler's wife carried him out in a large suitcase (Kappler weighed less than 105 pounds at the time) and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. As the authorities refused to release him, in 1977, Anneliese carried Kappler out of prison in a large suitcase (he weighed less than one hundred five pounds at the time). In 1935, as part of Germany's rearming programs, Kappler was called up to serve in the Wehrmacht. During this action, he demanded 110 pounds of gold from the Jewish community in Rome, which he later claimed was an attempt to prevent the round-up and the deportations. She smuggled him into West Germany by car. ROME, ITALY 1996: Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS officer Erich Priebke during the trial at Military Court of former SS officer Erich Priebke for participating in the 1944 massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome in which 335 civilians, including 75 Jews, were killed during World War II. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. Despite the Fascist dictatorship, the war, and racial legislation, the family . Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung (SA) and served as an SA-Mann from August 1, 1931 to December 1, 1932. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. Kappler was never discharged and technically held this rank during World War II, although by that time Kappler was an active full-time SS member and exempt from further military service. Both Capponi and Bentivegna had grown up under Benito Mussolini's dictatorship. Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on February 9, 1978, aged 70.[4]. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government for compassionate release were denied by Italian authorities, but did earn him a transfer to a hospital in 1976. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. Died on 09-02-1978, at home in Soltau, on February 28, 1898, County... 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